TUNISIA - THE PRICE OF PERMISSION
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Tunisia, 1987 to 2026. For twenty-three years the relatives of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali moved into the businesses that needed the state's permission — airlines, car dealerships, banks, telecom licenses, imports cleared at customs — and, by the World Bank's count, took sixteen percent of the country's private profits. The revolution confiscated their fortune and could not manage it. At the Libyan border, customs waved trucks through for fifty dinars; north of Sfax, organizers sold seats on welded boats; and a new president's anti-corruption drive filled the courts while announcing no money recovered. Covers Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and Leïla Trabelsi, Belhassen Trabelsi and Groupe Karthago, Sakher El Materi and Princesse El Materi Holding, Marouane Mabrouk and Al Karama Holding, and Imed Trabelsi and Chafik Jarraya.
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